These are the answers for the questions covering the stomach and the esophagus. You can find the review questions here and you can find the article and podcast here.
1. The answer is C
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Urea breath test detects H. pylori which is often a risk factor for PUD.
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Barium swallow is not helpful for PUD
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Endoscopy is the most specific and accurate test available for PUD
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Ultrasound is not useful for PUD
2. The answer is A
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Esophageal strictures make swallowing of solids and liquids difficult. They are also secondary to chronic GERD.
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Achalasia is a possible cause, but the history of GERD makes strictures the most likely diagnosis.
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Pyloric stenosis is most common in 6 week old infants
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Esophageal spasms are a possible cause, but the history of GERD makes strictures the most likely diagnosis.
3. The answer is C
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GERD has no relation to esophageal varices.
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African American are not at greater risk of esophageal varices.
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Portal hypertension is a direct cause of esophageal varices.
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Crohn’s disease has no relation to esophageal varices.
4. The answer is C
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Esophageal strictures are seen as narrowed places along the esophagus
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Achalasia will have a bird’s beak sign on barium swallow.
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Pyloric stenosis will have a string sign on barium swallow.
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Esophageal spasms will show a corkscrew sign on barium swallow.
5. The answer is B
Two antibiotics and one PPI which is commonly omeprazole + clarithromycin and amoxicillin or omeprazole + metronidazole + tetracycline
If you are interested in more questions like these, I’ll be releasing a keyword question based review guide soon. Sign up here and be the first to find out when it will be released. This e-mail list is only for information about the PA study guide and nothing else. I’ll be releasing it early and at a steep discount to those of you on the mailing list.